Rules for Cyclists and Motorcyclists in the United States

Cyclists and motorcyclists face unique challenges and risks on the road. To ensure their safety and the safety of others, various laws and regulations have been put in place across the United States. This article provides an overview of the key rules and safety tips for cyclists and motorcyclists, applicable in all states.
General Rules for Cyclists
Helmet Use:
- Helmet Laws: While helmet use laws vary, many states mandate helmet use for cyclists under a certain age, typically 16 or 18. Some states and local jurisdictions require helmets for all cyclists, regardless of age.
Bicycle Equipment:
- Lights and Reflectors: Bicycles must be equipped with a white front light and a red rear light or reflector when ridden at night. Reflectors on pedals and wheels are also recommended.
- Brakes: Bicycles must have functional brakes capable of making the braked wheels skid on dry, level pavement.
- Bell or Horn: Some states require bicycles to have a bell or horn to alert pedestrians and other road users.
Traffic Laws:
- Same Rights and Duties: Cyclists have the same rights and duties as motor vehicle drivers. This means obeying all traffic signals, signs, and lane markings.
- Riding on the Right: Cyclists must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway, except when overtaking another vehicle, preparing for a left turn, or avoiding hazards.
- Signaling: Cyclists must use hand signals to indicate turns and stops. Extend the left arm horizontally to indicate a left turn, the right arm horizontally to indicate a right turn, and either arm downward to indicate a stop.
Road Position and Use:
- Bike Lanes: Where bike lanes are provided, cyclists are generally required to use them. However, they may leave the bike lane to avoid obstacles or prepare for turns.
- Sidewalk Riding: Sidewalk riding laws vary by state and locality. In many areas, cyclists are prohibited from riding on sidewalks, particularly in business districts.
Safety Tips for Cyclists
- Wear a Helmet: Always wear a properly fitted helmet to reduce the risk of head injuries.
- Be Visible: Wear bright or reflective clothing, and use lights and reflectors to increase visibility, especially at night.
- Stay Alert: Pay attention to road conditions, traffic, and potential hazards. Avoid using headphones or other distractions.
- Communicate: Use hand signals and make eye contact with drivers to communicate your intentions.
- Follow the Law: Obey all traffic laws and signals, and ride predictably.
General Rules for Motorcyclists
Helmet Use:
- Helmet Laws: Helmet laws for motorcyclists vary by state. Currently, 19 states and the District of Columbia require helmet use for all riders. Another 28 states have partial laws that require helmet use for certain riders, such as those under 18 or 21. Three states (Illinois, Iowa, and New Hampshire) do not have helmet laws.
Motorcycle Equipment:
- Lights and Reflectors: Motorcycles must have functional headlights, taillights, brake lights, and turn signals. Reflectors are also required.
- Mirrors: Motorcycles must be equipped with at least one mirror, though most states require two.
- Brakes: Motorcycles must have functional brakes on both wheels.
Traffic Laws:
- Licensing: All motorcyclists must have a valid motorcycle license or endorsement. This typically involves passing a written test and a skills test.
- Lane Usage: Motorcyclists have the right to use a full traffic lane. Lane splitting (riding between lanes of traffic) is legal only in California under specific conditions.
- Following Distance: Motorcyclists should maintain a safe following distance to give themselves adequate time to react to traffic conditions.
Protective Gear:
- Helmet: Even where not legally required, wearing a helmet significantly reduces the risk of head injuries.
- Eye Protection: Goggles, glasses, or a helmet face shield are required in many states.
- Protective Clothing: Wearing leather or other durable, protective clothing can help prevent serious injuries in case of an accident.
Safety Tips for Motorcyclists
- Wear Protective Gear: Always wear a helmet, eye protection, gloves, and durable clothing.
- Be Visible: Use your headlights at all times, wear bright or reflective clothing, and avoid riding in blind spots.
- Stay Alert: Keep an eye on road conditions, traffic, and potential hazards. Avoid distractions and stay focused.
- Ride Defensively: Anticipate the actions of other drivers and be prepared to react. Maintain a safe following distance and avoid aggressive maneuvers.
- Practice Skills: Regularly practice riding skills, particularly emergency braking and swerving.
Legal Considerations for Both Cyclists and Motorcyclists
Impaired Riding:
- DUI Laws: All states have strict DUI laws that apply to cyclists and motorcyclists. Riding under the influence of alcohol or drugs is illegal and carries severe penalties.
Insurance:
- Motorcycle Insurance: Most states require motorcyclists to carry minimum liability insurance. Cyclists are not typically required to have insurance, but they may want to consider personal injury protection or liability coverage.
Accident Reporting:
- Reporting Accidents: In the event of an accident, cyclists and motorcyclists must follow state laws for reporting, which typically involve notifying law enforcement and exchanging information with other parties involved.
Conclusion
Cyclists and motorcyclists must adhere to specific rules and regulations to ensure their safety and the safety of others on the road. By understanding and following these laws, using appropriate safety gear, and practicing safe riding habits, cyclists and motorcyclists can significantly reduce their risk of accidents and injuries. Whether you ride a bicycle or a motorcycle, always stay informed, stay visible, and ride responsibly.